RESUMEN
Drug abuse is considered a global health problem with serious social impact. In recent decades, changes in drug consumption patterns have shown a clear rising trend in the use of multiple drugs. Although the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay has evaluated cytotoxicity in drug abuse, there has not been an approach that takes into account this pattern of multiple drug use. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate for the first time the cytogenotoxic effects in multidrug users, and its correlation with the amount consumed and years of abuse. This study was conducted on 166 individuals by the BMCyt assay. A total of 83 individuals with a history of multiple licit (alcohol and tobacco) and at least one illicit drug abuse (marijuana, methamphetamines, cocaine, and/or inhalants), and 83 healthy individuals, non-drug abusers were analyzed. The results showed that drug abusers had higher frequencies of nuclear abnormalities nuclear buds, binucleated cells, pyknotic nuclei (PNs), karyorrhexis (KX), and abnormally condensed chromatin when compared with healthy controls. Moreover, results suggests that the use of licit and illicit drugs is related to cytogenotoxic damage, as was shown by an upward trend in the frequency of nuclear abnormalities identified in groups 1 (alcohol + tobacco + at least one illicit drug) and 2 (tobacco + at least one illicit drug). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found in the different groups, between the years and the amount of consumption of some drugs (alcohol, methamphetamine, and tobacco) with cytotoxicity markers such as KL, KX, and PNs.
Asunto(s)
Drogas Ilícitas , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Humanos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos/métodos , Núcleo Celular , Muerte Celular , Nicotiana , Drogas Ilícitas/toxicidad , Mucosa BucalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cytogenotoxic damage caused by the consumption of legal and illegal drugs in drug abusers has been demonstrated, primarily due to alterations in their antioxidant capacity, cellular repair mechanisms, and increased production of free radicals. Folic acid shows antioxidant activity by acting as a reducing agent, neutralizing present free radicals, and reducing genomic damage. METHODS: The intervention involved administering 15 mg of folic acid, divided into three doses per day, to a group of 44 drug abusers. The frequency of nuclear abnormalities (NAs) was determined; micronuclei (MNs), nuclear buds (NBUDs), binucleated cells (BNs), abnormally condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KX), pyknotic nuclei (PNs), and karyolysis (KL) were determined at different pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment time points at 15 and 30 days. Additionally, a group of 44 healthy individuals was used as the control group. RESULTS: We observed a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of NAs in the drug abuser group (28.45 ± 17.74 before supplementation vs. 11.18 ± 7.42 at 15 days and 9.11 ± 10.9 at 30 days of supplementation). Specifically, it decreased the frequency of NBUDs, BNs, CC, KX, and PNs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates a clear improvement in cytogenotoxic damage in drug abusers supplemented with folic acid.
RESUMEN
Desde su introducción en la cirugía hace más de 35 años, los cianoacrilatos se han usado en diversos campos de las especialidades quirúrgicas. A pesar de sus múltiples ventajas sobre la sutura convencional, muchos cirujanos dejaron de usarlos por su gran histotoxicidad y las dificultades de su aplicación. En los últimos años, nuevamente se han comenzado a utilizar los olvidadod adhesivos con excelentes resultados. En esta revisión se comentan aspectos históricos, características físicas, químicas y biológicas de estos adhesivos; Métodos de síntesis, metabolismo, respuesta inmunitaria y carcinogénesis después de aplicarse en el organismo y usos actuales y potenciales de los cianoacrilatos en la cirugía
Asunto(s)
Suturas , Adhesivos/uso terapéutico , Cianoacrilatos/uso terapéutico , Adhesión del Tejido/métodos , Especialidades Quirúrgicas/métodos , Polímeros/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
La infección recurrente del tracto urinario es un síndrome que en la consulta diaria se encuantra con bastante frecuencia. Estas recurrencias de la enfermedad representan lo que se conoce como reinfeccion o recaída. Se comentan algunos mecanismos fisiopatológicos que se han asociado con este padecimiento y algunas de las posibles conductas a seguir de primera intención para su adecuado tratamiento
